Design for Object-Oriented FEM Analysis Program of Three-dimension Solid

In the nonlinear analysis, stress state and stress history are in respect to stress-strain law. It is needed to store its stress history in calculation and analysis. Based on stress state of material, Object-Oriented Programming method used has the advantage in storing stress history intelligently. It overcomes the shortcoming of Process-Oriented Programming method, saves space and reduces difficulty of programming. Based on the three-dimension solid element, how to design for Object-Oriented nonlinear FEM Program.     

单井滴灌干管管网的优化设计

为解决单井运行滴灌干管管网的优化设计问题，提出了干管管网优化设计的数学模型，并采用动态规划法对该问题进行求解。所提出的方法，不仅能得出一个优化的干管管网，而且还能确定出所需水泵扬程及流量，并确定水泵型号。     

基于RAGA-DP的饲草料作物非充分灌溉制度优化模型

中国北方牧区水资源极其匮乏,灌溉饲草料基地优化配水时,通过对非充分灌溉条件下饲草料作物进行灌溉制度优化可以有效地提高水分利用率及作物产量。该文采用基于实数编码的加速遗传算法（RAGA）与多维动态规划法（DP）相结合,建立了遗传动态规划（RAGA-DP）模型,对内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原区灌溉饲草料地非充分灌溉条件下青贮玉米、披碱草和苜蓿进行了灌溉制度优化,试验验证结果较好,有效地解决了有限水量条件下不同生育期进行优化配水的问题,并通过相对产量与供水量、水分生产率函数和边际产量的关系得到了3种作物的适宜供水量范围。该模型解决了多维动态规划法在作物非充分灌溉条件下灌溉制度优化过程中的早熟现象及易陷入局部最优而难于求得真正最优解的问题。     

Systematic landscape restoration using integer programming

In some agricultural regions, reservation of remnant natural lands will not maintain the natural biodiversity and large-scale ecological restoration is required. Geographic planning for restoration is essential to obtain the maximum ecological benefit from the limited resources available for landscape restoration. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept that implements principles of systematic conservation planning, such as adequacy, representativeness, efficiency and flexibility, within an integer programming framework to identify geographic priorities for landscape restoration in a small catchment in South Australia. Integer programming ensures maximally efficient solutions that meet conservation targets in the form of minimum proportions (30%) and minimum areas (15 ha) of each environment type. However, the optimum solution identifies a system of scattered sites with an inadequate and impractical landscape structure. We propose a system of impedance surfaces that prioritise the spatial location of restoration towards improving landscape structure. Different options for systematic landscape restoration are assessed and the costs of spatial prioritisation of areas is found to be either optimal or very near optimal regardless of the impedances used. Thus, the cost of spatial prioritisation of sites for restoration in the landscape is negligible. We suggest the proposed methodology fits within a broader plan for landscape restoration and natural resource management.     

基于土壤-作物系统模拟模型的冬小麦田间水氮优化管理

将作物生长模型与土壤水氮管理过程模块相结合，构建了土壤-作物系统水分养分模拟模型。以灌水、施氮总量为决策变量，冬小麦生物量、水分和氮肥利用效率为优化目标，将冬小麦按生长发育时期分为6个阶段，建立了多目标的动态规划模型。在土壤-作物系统过程模型的基础上，用动态规划的方法对田间水、氮资源管理措施进行优化。通过对作物水分胁迫系数和氮肥胁迫系数的模拟计算，可获得最佳的灌水、施肥时间及用量。算例结果表明：在养分供应充足仅水分胁迫的条件下，优化方案的灌水量较对照处理平均节约了25%，水分利用效率比对照处理平均高出约1     

Locating and protecting critical reserve sites to minimize expected and worst-case losses

There has been much recent interest in the development of systematic reserve selection methods that are capable of incorporating uncertainty associated with site destruction. This paper makes a contribution to this line of research by presenting two different optimization models for minimizing species losses within a planning region. Given limited acquisition budgets, the first minimizes expected species losses over all possible site loss patterns outside the reserve network while the second minimizes maximum species losses following the worst-case loss of a restricted subset of nonreserve sites. By incorporating the uncertainty of site destruction directly into the decision planning process, these models allow a conservation planner to take a less defensive and more strategic view of reserve selection that seeks to minimize species losses through the targeted acquisition of high-value/high-risk sites. We compare both of these methods to a more standard approach, which simply maximizes within reserve representation without regard for the varied level of threat faced by different sites and species. Results on a realistic dataset show that significant reductions in species losses can be achieved using either of these more intelligent modeling frameworks.     

土壤—全方位深松机组系统随机振动研究

建立了土壤——全方位深松机非线性系统模型，分析了系统振动减阻的复杂内共振机理、土壤强度分维和负载信号特性，可以通过调整土壤耕作机组固有频率来改善振动减阻性能，以及利用牵引阻力频谱指数来衡量系统振动减阻性能。田间试验数据分析结果与上述结论相符。     

跌落冲击下果实动态本构模型的构建与表征

基于果实非损伤条件下的跌落冲击动力学特征，提出表征其非线性黏弹性的本构模型与模型参数识别方法。该模型包括一个非线性弹簧元件、一个线性增强黏性元件。以苹果为研究对象，进行多个高度下的跌落冲击试验，获得其发生损伤的临界跌落高度；基于临界跌落高度下的冲击试验结果，建立其跌落冲击方程，进行跌落冲击响应的数值分析与模型参数识别。结果表明，理论结果与试验值很吻合，采用本模型结合试验结果能较准确地确定类似特性果实的动态流变特征参数。研究结果为果实动态流变特性分析以及模型表征提供了一种新方法，也为进一步表征果实的黏弹塑性损伤特征提供基础。     

Insulin sensitivity and glucose dynamics during pre-weaning foal development and in response to maternal diet composition

Nutritional management of animals during pregnancy can affect glucose and insulin dynamics in the resulting offspring through influences on fetal development. Additionally, high starch feeding in mature horses is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and an increased risk for diseases such as obesity and laminitis. However, no study has yet evaluated the effect of feeding a high starch diet to pregnant mares on glucose and insulin dynamics in their offspring. Twenty late-gestation mares maintained on pasture were provided two-thirds of digestible energy requirements from isocaloric, isonitrogenous low starch (LS, n = 10) or high starch (HS, n = 10) feed. Their foals were assessed with an insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test at 5, 40, 80, and 160 d of age. Baseline glucose concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and insulin-independent glucose clearance in 5-d foals were all greater than values observed in mature horses and declined towards mature values as foals reached 160 d of age. Baseline glucose concentrations were all within normal range, but higher in foals born from HS mares through 80 d of age. Insulin sensitivity was not different between dietary groups until a trend for lower insulin sensitivity in HS foals emerged at 160 d of age. These data are the first to characterize decreasing insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in Thoroughbred foals from 5 to 160 d of age. This study also presents the first data examining glucose and insulin dynamics in developing foals in response to maternal high starch diet.     

区域尺度侵蚀产沙估算方法研究

 区域土壤侵蚀模型是大区域土壤侵蚀普查和水土保持宏观决策的支持工具,土壤侵蚀模型的研发是土壤侵蚀学科的前沿领域。基于DEM将区域划分为规则网格,设计产流、产沙过程的单元模型,包括植被截留、入渗、填洼、流速、携沙能力、径流剥蚀量、泥沙沉积等算法。将月降水当作1次降雨事件,并划分若干时段进行迭代计算,利用GIS空间分析功能完成水沙汇集运算,并在ArcGIS支持下进行计算机程序设计,有效地完成了区域侵蚀产沙量的计算。将模型应用于延河流域得到:1995年7月份平均径流深为35.6mm,径流系数为0.237,流域出口径流量为2.72亿m3,流域出口输沙量为0.38亿t,流域平均侵蚀模数为4575t/(km2.月);输出图形空间格局和结构符合实际情况,初步模拟结果令人较满意。